sss1 wrote:Одинаковый wrote:
uncle_Pasha wrote:
StrangerR wrote:На данный момент в США задача обратная - вернут больше элементов дикого капитализма. Гос регулирование уже всех достало, с ним уже явный перебор случился.
На самом деле ситуация почти обратная - противники гос регуляции выигрывают только до очередного кризиса. Случается кризис - затягиваются гайки.
Достаточно вспомнить историю последнего - после декады демагогии о свободном рынке и ителлекте участников рынка derivatives бабахнуло так, что мало никому не показалось.
Удачи!
А почему они рванули не помните? Потому что бубль решил лопнуть. А кто бубль накачал вам напомнить? Ну всякие заботливые политики которые пошли навстречу широким массам и отменили дикий закон рынка о том что только те кто имеют деньги могут чего нибудь купить. Посчитали что государство лучше знает как народу кредиты давать. Вот и повалилось.
Ну и вторая сторона это почему финансовые конторы решили поиграться в русскую рулетку. А потому что государство им сказало что если что - то спасет. Мол делай что хочешь ,а если проиграешься - то государство спасет. И это по вашему дикий капитализм? Опять если бы не госудаственнное вмешательство то и финансовые компании были бы намного более осторожные.
И кстати то что экомика в одном месте не потому что деривативы рванули (их бы быстро заштопали), а потому что бубль сдувается. Так к сведению. Напомнить кто бубль создал путем неограниченного печатания денег что бы все могли себе дом позволить купить . Были даже такие кто не имел денег заплатить рент - так вместо того что бы идти жить в жилье попроще - они шли и покупали себе жилье. Ну прямо дикий капитализм налицо.
Хорош "пургу гнать".
Начнем по-порядку:
Когда бубль то стал наполнятся - правильно при Буше-младшем. Вы что, будете нам тут утверждать что при Буше вместо "дикого капиталиузма" было государственное регулирование? Да или Нет?
Как раз при Буше отменили многие ограничения банковской деятельности, мол "рынок сам все отрегулирует". Как пример могу привести что в 1990-х (предполагаю что и до 1990-х так же было) банки обязаны были иметь в наличке не менее 40% активов. Период. А потом это регулирование отменили, мол "банк может распоряжаться своими (моими) деньгами как хочет". ...
Вот вам и "бубль". При Буше.
Уважаемый/ая,
если уж решили с шашками наголо доказывать что кто то гонит пугру, то надо знать хоть немного материальную часть. Ну например в каком году приняли всякие решения. А не оперировать в 90х года было так, а потом стало не так. А когда потом? А потом было в 1999 году. Вам напомнить кто был президентом? Или Буш виноват в этом тоже?
Ну и аргументы что раз при Буше надулось то Буш виноват - оставьте для детей младшего школьного возраста.
Нате, просветитесь. Посчитайте сколько раз упоминается Фредди и почитайте почему все эти послабления делались. Для того что бы помочь бедным домик купить. А вам напомнить какая партия у нас за бедных? Вы про Берни Франка слыхали? Или ваше знание вопроса ограничивается другом работающим в банке?
1968 - 1991
1968: As part of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, the Government mortgage-related agency, Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) is converted from a federal government entity to a stand-alone government sponsored enterprise (GSE) which purchases and securitizes mortgages to facilitate liquidity in the primary mortgage market. The move takes the debt of Fannie Mae off of the books of the government.
1970 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) is chartered by an act of Congress, as a GSE, to buy mortgages on the secondary market, pool them, and sell them as mortgage-backed securities to investors on the open market. The average cost of a new home in 1970 is $26,600 [2] ($140,582 in 2007 dollars). From 1960 to 1970, inflation rose from 1.4% to 6.5% (a 5.1% increase), while the consumer price index (CPI) rose from about 85 points in 1960 to about 120 points in 1970, but the median price of a house nearly doubled from $16,500 in 1960 to $26,600 in 1970.
1974: Equal Credit Opportunity Act imposes heavy sanctions for financial institutions found guilty of discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age. 1977: Community Reinvestment Act passed to encourage banks and savings and loan associations to offer credit to minority groups on lower incomes or owning small businesses 12 U.S.C. § 2901 et seq.).[3][4] Beforehand, the companies had been engaging in a practice known as redlining.
1981: Each Federal Reserve bank establishes a Community Affairs Office to ensure compliance with Community Reinvestment Act.[8][9]
1985–1991: Savings and Loan Crisis caused by rising interest rates and over development in the commercial real estate sector, and exacerbated by deregulation of savings and loan lending standards and a reduction in capital reserve requirements from 5% to 3%.[citation needed]
1991–1997: Flat Housing prices.
1991: US recession, new construction prices fall, but above inflationary growth allows them to return by 1997 in real terms.
[edit] 1992 - 2000
1992:Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 required Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to devote a percentage of their lending to support affordable housing increasing their pooling and selling of such loans as securities; Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) created to oversee them.[15][16] 1994: Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (IBBEA) repeals the interstate provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 that regulated the actions of bank holding companies.
1995: New Community Reinvestment Act regulations break down home-loan data by neighborhood, income, and race;
encourage community groups to complain to banks and regulators by allowing community groups that marketed loans to collect a brokers fee;[17] Fannie Mae allowed to receive affordable housing credit for buying subprime securities.[16] 1997: Mortgage denial rate of 29 percent for conventional home purchase loans.[18]
November: Fannie Mae helped First Union Capital Markets and Bear, Stearns & Co launch the first publicly available securitization of CRA loans, issuing $384.6 million of such securities. All carried a Fannie Mae guarantee as to timely interest and principal.[20][21]
1999: September: Fannie Mae eases the credit requirements to encourage banks to extend home mortgages to individuals whose credit is not good enough to qualify for conventional loans.[24]
November: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act "Financial Services Modernization Act" repeals Glass–Steagall Act, deregulates banking, insurance and securities into a financial services industry allow financial institutions to grow very large; limits Community Reinvestment Coverage of smaller banks and makes community groups report certain financial relationships with banks.[23]
1995–2001: Dot-com bubble. March 10, 2000: NASDAQ Composite index peaked, Dot-com bubble collapse begins.
2000: October: Fannie Mae committed to purchase and securitize $2 billion of Community Investment Act-eligible loans.[25][26]
November: Fannie Mae announced that the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) would soon require it to dedicate 50% of its business to low- and moderate-income families" and its goal was to finance over $500 billion in Community Investment Act-related business by 2010.[27]
December:Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 defines interest rates, currency prices, and stock indexes as "excluded commodities," allowing trade of credit-default swaps by hedge funds, investment banks or insurance companies with minimal oversight,[28] and contributing to 2008 crisis in Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, and AIG.[29][30][31]
[edit] 2001 - 2006
1997–2005:Mortgage fraud increased by 1,411 percent.[32]
2000–2003: Early 2000s recession (exact time varies by country).
2001–2005: United States housing bubble (part of the world housing bubble).
2001: US Federal Reserve lowers Federal funds rate 11 times, from 6.5% to 1.75%.[33]
2002–2003: Mortgage denial rate of 14 percent for conventional home purchase loans, half of 1997.[18]
2002: Annual home price appreciation of 10% or more in California, Florida, and most Northeastern states."Annual home-value growth at highest rate since 1980". Retrieved 2008-10-06. June 17:President G.W. Bush sets goal of increasing minority home owners by at least 5.5 million by 2010 through billions of dollars in tax credits, subsidies and a Fannie Mae commitment of $440 billion to establish NeighborWorks America with faith based organizations.[34]
2003: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy $81 billion in subprime securities.[16] June: Federal Reserve Chair Alan Greenspan lowers federal reserve’s key interest rate to 1%, the lowest in 45 years.[35]
September: Bush administration recommended moving governmental supervision of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under a new agency created within the Department of the Treasury. The changes were blocked by Congress.[36]
December: President Bush signs the American Dream Downpayment Act to be implemented under the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The goal was to provide a maximum downpayment assistance grant of either $10,000 or six percent of the purchase price of the home, whichever was greater. In addition, the Bush Administration committed to reforming the homebuying process that would lower closing costs by approximately $700 per loan. It was said it would further stimulate homeownership for all Americans.[37]
2003-2007: The Federal Reserve failed to use its supervisory and regulatory authority over banks, mortgage underwriters and other lenders, who abandoned loan standards (employment history, income, down payments, credit rating, assets, property loan-to-value ratio and debt-servicing ability), emphasizing instead lender's ability to securitize and repackage subprime loans.[28]
2004: U.S. homeownership rate peaked with an all time high of 69.2 percent.[38]
HUD ratcheted up Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac affordable-housing goals for next four years, from 50 percent to 56 percent, stating they lagged behind the private market; from 2004 to 2006, they purchased $434 billion in securities backed by subprime loans.[16]
October:SEC effectively suspends net capital rule for five firms - Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns and Morgan Stanley. Freed from government imposed limits on the debt they can assume, they levered up 20, 30 and even 40 to 1.[39]
2004–2005: Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, and Nevada record price increases in excess of 25% per year.[citation needed]
2005: United States housing market correction ("bubble bursting"). February: The Office of Thrift Supervision implemented new rules that allowed savings and loans with over $1 billion in assets to meet their CRA obligations without investing in local communities, cutting availability of subprime loans.
September: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal Reserve, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency allow loosening of Community Reinvestment Act requirements for "small" banks, further cutting subprime loans.[17][40]
Fall: Booming housing market halts abruptly; from the fourth quarter of 2005 to the first quarter of 2006, median prices nationwide dropped of 3.3 percent.[41]
Year-end: A total of 846,982 properties were in some stage of foreclosure in 2005.[42]
2006: Continued market slowdown. Prices are flat, home sales fall, resulting in inventory buildup. U.S. Home Construction Index is down over 40% as of mid-August 2006 compared to a year earlier. A total of 1,259,118 foreclosures were filed during the year, up 42 percent from 2005.[43]
Все люди такие разные... один я одинаковый.
