В Интернет-е и здесь на форуме (в этой теме) есть немало спекуляций на тему кто был первым там сям. Работающие на Юникс преписывают себе первенство едва ли не во всех ключевых технологиях ИТ. StrangeR сказал много ласковых слов про UUCP и Usenet считая их первыми и единственными (т.е. IBM, например, там не было вообще) в направлении к современному Интернет.
Оказаывается что все продукт узкого кругозора и нижнкой осведомленностью в вопросах истории ИТ. Непредвзятое изучение истории ИТ показывает факты иного первенства и иных вкладов в общее развитие ИТ.
Вернемся в 70-е года когда много что нового появлялось обеспечечивающее современное состояние отрасли. UUCP и Usenet это конец 70-х и это Bell Labs в основном. А что имелось в IBM и когда?
Из источника приведенного на первой странице этой темы в стартовом сообщеннии (я его почитываю неспешно и делюсь прочитанным с вами, друзья мои). Этот источник есть история IBM-ской VM, но я гляжу на нее сейчас как на историю развития сетей и электронных комминикаций. И вам предлагаю воспринать это так же. Т.е. не надо относится к цитируемому как к чему то относящемуся исключительно к VM. Хорошо? Ну и конечно следим за датами. Поехали:
The most important step the community took to support the system and unite the users was announced at SHARE XLVII in Montreal in August, 1976. There the great David N. Smith announced the birth of the VMSHARE елецтрониц цонференце with this slide:
(слайд и фото Давида пропускаем. Желающие могут посмотреть на странице 71).
Dave worked at TYMSHARE and was the SHARE CMS Committee Chairman.
... (пропущена нерелевантная информация о CMS) ...
Electronic conferences were new back then. A few people had begun playing around with the
idea, but not much was happening yet, and Dave was unaware that anybody else was working on
conferencing. He came up with the idea as the result of Ed Haskell’s having asked him, “Why
can’t you do something with that fancy network of yours *129 so that we can communicate between
SHAREs?”
Сноска 129 лаконично указывает на TYMNET. Еще одна ...NET, о которой мы не говорили:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymnet" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Tymnet was an international data communications network headquartered in Cupertino, California that used virtual call packet switched technology and X.25, SNA/SDLC, ASCII and BSC interfaces to connect host computers (servers) at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies. Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated asynchronous connections.
....
, и тесно связанный с TYMNET, TYNSHARE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymshare" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
...Tymshare, Inc. was a timesharing service and third-party hardware maintenance company competing with companies such as Four Phase, Compuserve, and Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC, Digital). Tymshare developed or acquired innovative technologies, including data networking (Tymnet), electronic data interchange (EDI), credit card and payment processing (TTS, Western29), telecommunications provisioning (COEES), office automation (August, Augment) and database technology (Magnum). It was headquartered in Cupertino, California from 1964 to 1984.
The computing platforms included the XDS 940 (Tymcom-IX), XDS Sigma 7, DEC PDP-10 models KA, KI, KL and KS (Tymcom-X/XX, Tenex, August, Tops-20), XKL Toad-1, IBM 360 & 370 (VM, MVS, GNOSIS) servers.
................
Что бросается в глаза при прочтении истории этих бизнесов, так это длинная череда оперепродаж и банкротств. В итоге все свелось к TCP/IP и Unix. Конечно.
Вернемся к истории VM.
...
Dave wrote all the software required for the conference *130 and also persuaded his employer,
TYMSHARE, to provide the conference and the networking to the SHARE VM Project at no
charge.
*Note 130:
In implementing VMSHARE (in EXEC Classic),....
....
Early in 1979, the next VMSHARE Administrator, Charles Daney, extended
VMSHARE to Europe, when he arranged for members of the SHARE European Association
(SEAS) to participate in VMSHARE, following an ardent campaign for this by Jeff Gribbin, of SEAS.
Jeff, as SEAS VMSHARE Administrator, insisted that SEAS members start using VMSHARE,
just as Dave Smith had done with SHARE members two years earlier. Their response was
enthusiastic, and soon the VM community had truly become an electronic global village.
Это, так сказать, один из примеров, аналог Usenet, появившийся примерно в тоже время как и VMSHARE, базирующийся на TYMSHARE, и TYMNET. T.e. можно сказать что в то время по крайней мере были алтернативы, мир ИТ был не скучным развитием одних лишь Unix и TCP/IP. И это здорово.
Dalee:
The VNET network, like many of the other good things we have today, was put together “without
a lot of management approval”, to quote Tim Hartmann,132 one of the two authors of RSCS.
VNET arose because people throughout IBM wanted to exchange files. It all started with
Hartmann, a system programmer in Poughkeepsie, and Ed Hendricks, at the Cambridge Scientific
Center. They worked together remotely for about ten years, during which they produced the SCP
version of RSCS (which came out in 1975), and the VNET PRPQ (which came out in 1977).
After that, RSCS was turned over to official developers.
The starting point for RSCS was a package called CPREMOTE, which allowed two CP-67
systems to communicate via a symmetrical protocol. Early in 1969, Norm Rasmussen asked Ed
Hendricks to find a way for the CSC machine to communicate with machines at the other
Scientific Centers. Ed’s solution was CPREMOTE, which he had completed by mid-1969.
CPREMOTE was one of the earliest examples of a “service virtual machine” and was motivated
partly by the desire to prove the usefulness of that concept.
............
By 1971, CPREMOTE had taught Hendricks so much about how a communications facility
would be used and what function was needed in such a facility, that he decided to discard it and
begin again with a new design. After additional iterations, based on feedback from real users and
contributions of suggestions and code from around the company, Hendricks and Hartmann
produced the Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem (RSCS).
When the first version of RSCS went out the door in 1975, Hendricks and Hartmann were still
writing code and, in fact, the original RSCS included uncalled subroutines for functions such as
store-and-forward that weren’t yet part of the system. The store-and-forward function was added
in the VNET PRPQ, first for files, and then for messages and commands
............
After that got quieted down, the network began to grow like crazy. At SHARE XLVI, in
February, 1976, Hendricks and Hartmann reported that the network, which was now beginning to
be called VNET, spanned the continent and connected 50 systems. At SHARE 48, a year later,
they showed this map of the network:
..........
By SHARE 52, in March, 1979, they reported that VNET connected 239 systems, in 38 U.S.
cities and 10 other countries. In August, 1982, VMers celebrating VM’s tenth birthday
imprudently attempted to hang the current VNET network map up at SCIDS. By that time, a
circuit analysis program was being used to generate the network maps. In 1983, VNET passed
1000 nodes. It currently (1991) connects somewhat more than 3000 nodes, about two-thirds of which
are VM systems. Nobody even attempts to print a map of the network any more.
Из истории Usenet:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Newsgroup experiments first occurred in 1979. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University came up with the idea as a replacement for a local announcement program, and established a link with nearby University of North Carolina using Bourne shell scripts written by Steve Bellovin. The public release of news was in the form of conventional compiled software, written by Steve Daniel and Truscott.[2][35] In 1980, Usenet was connected to ARPANET through UC Berkeley which had connections to both Usenet and ARPANET. Mark Horton, the graduate student that set up the connection, began "feeding mailing lists from the ARPANET into Usenet" with the "fa" ("From ARPANET"[36]) identifier.[37] Usenet gained 50 member sites in its first year, including Reed College, University of Oklahoma, and Bell Labs,[2] and the number of people using the network increased dramatically; however, it was still a while longer before Usenet users could contribute to ARPANET.[38] After 32 years, the Usenet news service link at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (news.unc.edu) was retired on February 4, 2011.
Network[edit]
UUCP networks spread quickly due to the lower costs involved, and the ability to use existing leased lines, X.25 links or even ARPANET connections. Бы 1983, thousands of people participated from more than 500 hosts, mostly universities and Bell Labs sites but also a growing number of Unix-related companies; the number of hosts nearly doubled to 940 in 1984.
.......
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