siharry wrote: P.S. Кстати, разговор не о 19 веке, а о современном украинском, который дважды подвергся мощным модификациям в результате двух знаменитых украинизаций - 20-х и 90-х годов.
Ещё в 19ом веке. Посмотрите ссылку:
http://www.ukraine.com/forums/showthrea ... genumber=1
оттуда:
"In the 20th century, Pilsudsky’s colleague V. Bonchkovsky said that it does not matter to Poles whether there exists a separate Ukrainian nation or it is just an ethnographic variety of the Russian nation: 'If a Ukrainian nation did not exist, but only an ethnographical mass, it would be useful to help it achieve a national consciousness. Why and what for? So that we wouldn’t have to deal with 90 million Great Russians plus 40 million Little Russians, not divided among themselves but united ethnically.'
...
Everything that even remotely reminded of anything Russian was deleted from literature and from dictionaries. The vacuum was filled with Polish, German and other equivalents and even newly invented words (neologisms). “The greater part of words, turns and forms of speech from the Austrian-Ruthenian period was considered ‘Muscovite’ and was substituted with new words, as if they were less harmful,” as one former Ukrainophile explained. The word “napravleniye” is a Muscovite word and should no longer be used, they told the “Young” followers, instead they use “napriam.” “Sovremenniy” is also a Muscovite word and should be replaced by “suchasniy,” “isklyuchitel’no” is replaced by “vyklyuchno,” “prosvetitel’niy” is replaced by “prosvitnii,” “obshchestvo” is replaced by “tovaristvo” or “suspil’stvo.”
...
The national conference of teachers in 1896 in Przhemysl and Gliniany noted that after the massive substitution of words and “reforming of orthography” not only the students but also the teachers could not understand the new schoolbooks and urged that it was “necessary to publish an explanatory dictionary for teachers.”
...
Writers and journalists who preferred to write in the pre-reform orthography and vocabulary were branded as “moskals” and subjected to persecution. “Our language was being sifted through a Polish sieve,” Naumovich noted. “Healthy seeds were discarded as ‘moskovshchina,’ but seedlings were left to us at their mercy."
...
Kotsyubinsky eventually caved in to the new linguistic reforms and proceeded to make corrections in his own works, changing “temnota” to “temryava,” “metelitsa” to “khurtovina,” “soglasno” to “u zgodi,” etc."