Айсберг wrote:VadLis wrote: Естественно, как вы могли забыть то чего не учили. Или в Русских школах есть понятие русины
Не хотите ли Вы сказать, что и химический элемент из Периодической таблицы назван Рутением в честь русинов?
Удивительно даже - почему там нет Украиния?
Естественно не хочу. Просто для русских Русь и Россия одно и тоже. Поэтому и содрали название латинское.
Modern age
[edit] Belarusians
The Belarusians often called themselves "Litvins" because they lived in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the name "Ruthenians" was not always applied to them.
A notable exception occurred shortly after World War II, in relation to Belarusians from the Kresy region of pre-WWII Poland who found themselves in displaced persons camps in the Western occupation zones of the post-war Germany. At that time the notion of a Belarusian nation met with little recognition in the West. Therefore, to avoid confusion with the term "Russian" and hence "repatriation" to the Soviet Union (which finalised the annexation of Kresy after the war), the terms White Ruthenian, Whiteruthenian, and Krivian were used. The last of these terms derives from the name of an old Eastern Slavic tribe called the Krivichs, who used to inhabit the territory of Belarus.
[edit] Ukrainians
The name "Ruthenia" survived a bit longer as a name for Ukraine. When the Austrian monarchy made Galicia a province in 1772, Habsburg officials realized that the local East Slavic people were distinct from both Poles and Russians. Their own name for themselves, Rusyny, sounded like the German word for Russians, Russen. So the Austrians adopted the designation Ruthenen (Ruthenians), and continued to use it officially until the empire fell apart in 1918.
From 1840 on, nationalists encouraged people to give up the name "Little Rus" for Ukrayina. In the 1880s and 1900s, due to the spread of the name "Ukraine" as a substitute for "Ruthenia" among the Ruthenian/Ukrainian population of the Russian Empire, the name, "Ruthenian" was often restricted to mean western Ukraine, an area then part of the Austro-Hungarian state.
In the early 20th century, the name "Ukraine" was widely accepted in Galicia/Halychyna.
Rusyns
After 1918, the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to the area south of the Carpathian mountains in the Kingdom of Hungary, named Carpathian Ruthenia (It incorporated the cities of Mukacheve/Mukachovo/Munkács, Uzhhorod/Ungvár and Presov/Pryashiv(Pryashuv)/Eperjes) and populated by Carpatho-Rusyns), a group of East Slavic highlanders. At this time, Galician Rusyns were almost totally assimilated to Ukrainians, so the Carpatho-Rusyns were the last East Slavic people that kept their historic name (Ruthen is a Latin deformation of the Slavic rusyn).
Carpatho-Ruthenia has been part of the Hungarian kingdom since the late 11th century, where it was known as Kárpátalja. In 1918, was incorporated into Czechoslovakia, with a status of autonomy. After this date, Rusyn people have been divided among three orientations. First, there were Russophiles, who thought that Rusyns were part of the Russian nation; second, there were Ukrainophiles, who thought that Rusyns were part of the Ukrainian nation; and, lastly, there were Ruthenophiles, who said that Carpatho-Rusyns are a separate nation, and who wanted to develop Rusyn language and culture. In 1939, the Ukrainophile president of Carpatho-Ruthenia, Avhustyn Voloshyn, declared its independence as Carpatho-Ukraine. On 15 March 1939, Hungarian Army regular troops again crossed into Czechoslovakia, now the state of Carpatho-Ukraine. The Hungarian occupation regime was pro-Ruthenophile[citation needed]. In 1944, Soviet Army occupied Carpatho-Ruthenia, and in 1946, annexed it to the Ukrainian SSR. Officially, there were no Rusyns in the USSR. In fact, Soviet and some modern Ukrainian politicians, as well as Ukrainian government claim that Rusyns are part of the Ukrainian nation. Nowadays the majority of the population in the Zakarpattya oblast of Ukraine consider themselves Ukrainians, however, a small Ruthenophile minority is still present.
A Rusyn minority also remained after World War II in northeastern Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). The people of the region rapidly became Slovakicised, because their language is closely related to the Slovak language and because most of them refused to identify themselves as Ukrainians, as the Communist government, after 1953, wished them to do[1].
The English term Rusyn is now used for the nationality and language of the four main groups of Rusyn montagnards living in the Carpathians.
